Matrix Gla protein and osteocalcin: from gene duplication to neofunctionalization. | - CCMAR -

Journal Article

TitleMatrix Gla protein and osteocalcin: from gene duplication to neofunctionalization.
Publication TypeJournal Article
AuthorsM. Cancela, L, Laizé, V, Conceição, N
Year of Publication2014
JournalArch Biochem Biophys
Volume561
Date Published2014 Nov 1
Pagination56-63
ISSN1096-0384
KeywordsAnimals, Bone and Bones, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Evolution, Molecular, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Gene Duplication, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Humans, Models, Genetic, Osteocalcin
Abstract

Osteocalcin (OC or bone Gla protein, BGP) and matrix Gla protein (MGP) are two members of the growing family of vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins. They were the first VKD proteins found not to be involved in coagulation and synthesized outside the liver. Both proteins were isolated from bone although it is now known that only OC is synthesized by bone cells under normal physiological conditions, but since both proteins can bind calcium and hydroxyapatite, they can also accumulate in bone. Both OC and MGP share similar structural features, both in terms of protein domains and gene organization. OC gene is likely to have appeared from MGP through a tandem gene duplication that occurred concomitantly with the appearance of the bony vertebrates. Despite their relatively close relationship and the fact that both can bind calcium and affect mineralization, their functions are not redundant and they also have other unrelated functions. Interestingly, these two proteins appear to have followed quite different evolutionary strategies in order to acquire novel functionalities, with OC following a gene duplication strategy while MGP variability was obtained mostly by the use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing, leading to proteins with additional functional characteristics and alternative gene regulatory pathways.

DOI10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.020
Sapientia

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25068814?dopt=Abstract

Alternate JournalArch. Biochem. Biophys.
PubMed ID25068814